Effects of site preparation and postplanting cultural treatments on the establishment and early growth of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.)

Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) is a fast-growing species of the western Mediterranean Basin with important ecological (e.g., site restoration), economic wood production), and social recreation) values. Due to global climate change, growing incidence drought wildfires challenges distribution growth maritime pine. Mechanical preparation (SP) either alone or integrated chemical weed control can enhance conditions for conifer seedlings, specifically by improving physical condition soil eliminating weeds. The study was established in eastern Marmara Region Turkey included various SP techniques cultural treatments (CT) differing intensity applied factorial design before plantation one-year-old seedlings. raking bulldozer (SPB), then spraying 1%-(v:v) glyphosate (SPH), followed broadcasting subsoil via (SPS), latter being standard most intensive forest management treatment. CT combinations hoeing foliar applications after planting. SPH treatment overall best terms seedling performance properties at one two YAT. (SPS) resulted significantly reduced growth, survival, deterioration properties, especially organic matter nutrients. Hoeing 1-m radius around seedlings year planting (i.e. once during experiment) (H1) improved survival vigor compared (H0). No additional gain occurred more combinations. In summary, end first summer following recommended enhanced early productivity.